The species richness for primates in the Reserva Comunal Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo, is the highest of any protected area in Peru (and may in fact be the highest for any protected area in the world). With fourteen species of primates, the reserve contains more primate species confirmed through field studies than any other in South America.

To date we know of no species that have disappeared from the reserve or the buffer zone. The giant otter (Pteronura brasilensis), amazonian manatee (Trichechus inungui), bush dog (Speothos venaticus), pink dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), and the huge paiche fish (Arapaima gigas) are just some of the threatened species that exist in the RCTT buffer zone.